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Biology

Stage 6 · HSC questions by topic

About this subject

Biology

Atlas organises human-reviewed questions against the NSW Stage 6 Biologysyllabus. Every published question retains its exam source and page.

Syllabus: NESA Stage 6 (2017)
Explore the NESA Stage 6 (2017) syllabus topics

Module 5: Heredity

  • Reproduction
  • Cell Replication
  • DNA and Polypeptide Synthesis
  • Genetic Variation
  • Inheritance Patterns in a Population

Module 6: Genetic Change

  • Mutation
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetic Technologies

Module 7: Infectious Disease

  • Causes of Infectious Disease
  • Responses to Pathogens
  • Immunity
  • Prevention, Treatment and Control

Module 8: Non-infectious Disease and Disorders

  • Homeostasis
  • Causes and Effects
  • Epidemiology
  • Prevention
  • Technologies and Disorders
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31 questions found

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2019HSC
Q26

The map shows the percentage of adult indigenous populations able to digest lactose.
The ability to digest lactose is due to the presence of an enzyme (lactase) which can metabolise the sugar (lactose) present in milk. The gene responsible for producing lactase is usually permanently switched off at some time between the ages of 2 and 5 years. However, some people remain able to digest lactose throughout their lives.
With reference to evolution and DNA, provide possible reasons for the distribution shown in the map.

5 marks
Short answer
2019HSC
Q28 (b)

Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation of a gene on chromosome 4. It causes nerve cells to break down.
Stargardt disease is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation of a different gene on chromosome 4. It causes damage to the retina.
A patient is heterozygous for both Huntington’s (Hh) and Stargardt disease (Rr). His father’s extended family has numerous cases of both of these diseases. His mother does not have either disease and is homozygous for both genes. The diagram shows the patient’s homologous pair of chromosome 4 at various stages of meiosis. Add the relevant alleles to the diagram to model the production of possible gamete combinations. Include a key and an example of crossing over.



4 marks
Short answer
2019HSC
Q28 (a)

Huntington’s disease is an autosomal dominant condition caused by a mutation of a gene on chromosome 4. It causes nerve cells to break down.
Stargardt disease is an autosomal recessive condition caused by a mutation of a different gene on chromosome 4. It causes damage to the retina.
A patient is heterozygous for both Huntington’s (Hh) and Stargardt disease (Rr). His father’s extended family has numerous cases of both of these diseases. His mother does not have either disease and is homozygous for both genes.

Complete the tables, showing the TWO alleles the patient inherited from each parent.

2 marks
Short answer
2019HSC
Q30

Experiments were conducted to obtain data on the traits ‘seed shape’ in plants and ‘feather colour’ in chickens. In each case, the original parents were pure breeding and produced the first generation (F1). The frequency data diagrams below relate to the second generation offspring (F2), produced when the F1 generations were bred together.
Explain the phenotypic ratios of the F2 generation in both the plant and chicken breeding experiments. Include Punnett squares and a key to support your answer.

5 marks
Short answer
2019HSC
Q33 (b) (i)

Alzheimer’s disease causes destruction of brain tissue, dementia and eventually death. The diagram shows the effect of Alzheimer’s disease on the brain.
The gene with the greatest known effect on the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is called APOE. It is found on chromosome 19.
The APOE gene has multiple alleles, including e2, e3 and e4.
What are multiple alleles?

2 marks
Short answer
2019HSC
Q33 (b) (ii)

Alzheimer’s disease causes destruction of brain tissue, dementia and eventually death. The diagram shows the effect of Alzheimer’s disease on the brain.
The gene with the greatest known effect on the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer’s disease is called APOE. It is found on chromosome 19.
The APOE gene has multiple alleles, including e2, e3 and e4.
The table shows the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease for various APOE genotypes compared to average risk in the population.

Analyse the data to assess the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease associated with the e2, e3 and e4 alleles.

4 marks
Short answer
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