Legal Studies

What is the maximum length of time, excluding break times, an adult suspect can be detained by NSW Police without being charged?
A. Two hours
B. Ten hours only if approved by a court
C. As many hours as police need to gather evidence
D. Six hours initially and a further six hours if approved by a court

Bailey, who is 9 years old, has been detained by the police. Which legal concept prevents police from charging Bailey?
A. Court order
B. Doli incapax
C. Formal warning
D. Binding precedent

Which of the following increases the likelihood of bail being granted for an indictable offence?
A. Use of a weapon
B. The length of time on remand
C. A lengthy history of offending
D. A risk of interfering with witnesses

If a Charter of Rights were to be included in Australia’s Constitution, which of the following statements would be true?
A. A referendum has occurred to adopt the Charter of Rights.
B. The United Nations has approved the Charter of Rights.
C. The Prime Minister has given assent to the Charter of Rights.
D. NSW can pass valid legislation inconsistent with the Charter of Rights.

An offender is released from prison prior to the end of their sentence. Which of the following best describes what has occurred?
A. Continued detention has been imposed.
B. A Community Corrections Order has been made by the Parole Board.
C. An Intensive Corrections Order has been imposed to protect public interest.
D. Parole has been granted to enable ongoing supervision within the community.

Which of the following legal processes improves the resource efficiency of the criminal justice system?
A. Jury trials and remand
B. Parole and protective custody
C. Legal aid applications and appeals
D. Police discretion and charge negotiation

Which of the following is the most significant barrier to developing the recognition of environmental rights?
A. The economic self-interest of nation states
B. The United Nations not making this right a priority
C. International instruments not recognising this right
D. Failure of non-government organisations to enforce this right

If a state government were to mandate that pill testing be available at all music festivals, which of the following would this be an example of?
A. Law reform to reflect changes to moral and ethical standards
B. The discretionary use of law enforcement powers for community safety
C. The Court of Criminal Appeal creating a guideline judgment to ensure fairness
D. Using warrants to address tension between individual rights and community standards

Jo, following instructions from Chris via ‘live stream’, enters a shop armed with a gun to commit a robbery. Alex drives Jo from the scene with cash stolen during the robbery.
Which row of the table correctly identifies the role and name(s) of the party/parties involved?

Sam admitted criminal offending but raised a defence. What does this mean for Sam?
A. Sam must exercise the right to silence.
B. Criminal culpability needs to be determined.
C. Sam will be found guilty of a reduced charge.
D. The sentence will now be decided by the jury.

Which of the following is a key difference between a trial by jury and a judge-alone trial?
A. A judge must provide reasons for the verdict.
B. A judge-alone trial is less likely to result in an acquittal.
C. Only a jury can decide if the victim has received justice.
D. A jury is better equipped to resolve complex and prejudicial issues.

Which of the following is an example of restorative justice?
A. A violent offender avoiding prosecution by pleading guilty
B. The offender and victim meeting to reflect on the offending
C. Achieving justice for victims through social crime prevention
D. An offender cooperating with authorities to improve resource efficiency

Which of the following is the main concern regarding the effectiveness of forfeiture of assets as a crime deterrent?
A. The costs of processing the orders outweigh the value of assets seized.
B. It fails to ensure all seized assets are used to support community programs.
C. There is limited evidence that asset forfeiture significantly deters criminal activity.
D. It is criticised for sometimes targeting low-level offenders instead of major criminals.

Police legally enter an adult suspect’s home. Which of the following is correct?
A. Consent from the suspect is mandatory.
B. The suspect has waived the right to legal advice.
C. Judicial oversight of police powers has occurred.
D. All property seized by police is admissible evidence.

Consider the following hypothetical scenario. A state government mandates that only a particular type of crypto-currency can be used as legal tender in that state. Which legal doctrines are best invoked by the Federal Government to challenge this decision in the High Court?
A. Separation of Powers and Rule of Law
B. Division of Powers and procedural fairness
C. Rule of Law and parliamentary independence
D. Separation of Powers and Division of Powers

A jury found Kim guilty of fraud. Kim successfully appeals the conviction on the basis that prejudicial evidence was admitted into court. Which of the following is correct?
A. The Director of Public Prosecutions must now agree to a retrial.
B. The NSW Supreme Court found that jury misconduct had occurred.
C. The Public Defender was required to represent Kim in the appeal process.
D. The NSW Court of Criminal Appeal accepted the trial was procedurally unfair.

How has the recognition of peace rights changed over time?

Explain how the media influences changes in human rights. Include examples in your answer.

How do legal measures protect human rights? Support your answer with an example.

Analyse how Australia’s criminal legal system operates to protect community interests. In your answer, refer to legal measures to combat both transnational and domestic crimes.

‘Non-compliance challenges the effectiveness of the law.’ To what extent is this statement accurate in relation to consumers?

Assess the interrelationship between changing community values and the achievement of just outcomes for consumers. In your answer, you must refer to at least ONE contemporary issue.