Q18

Criteria	Marks
Presents a comprehensive and accurate analysis of the impact of ONE significant person/school of thought on Christianity; Integrates the statement effectively throughout the response; Supports a cohesive and well-structured response with detailed, relevant and accurate information; Integrates relevant and accurate terminology	17–20
Presents an accurate analysis of the impact of ONE significant person/school of thought on Christianity; Integrates the statement within the response; Supports a structured response with relevant and accurate information; Uses relevant and accurate terminology	13–16
Presents some analysis of the impact of ONE significant person/school of thought on Christianity; Refers to the statement within the response; Supports the response with relevant information; Uses accurate terminology	9–12
Makes general statements about ONE significant person/school of thought on Christianity; May refer to the statement within the response; Uses some information and/or terminology	5–8
Makes general statements about Christianity; May use some terminology	1–4

Answers could include:

• Paul of Tarsus played a crucial role in the development and expression of Christianity. Paul is considered an agent of change, who enriched the faith and inspired new forms of religious expression.
• Theological Contributions: Paul's letters, or epistles, make up a significant portion of the New Testament. His writings, such as Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, and others, are foundational to Christian theology, enriching the faith. Paul addressed various theological issues including the nature of God's grace, the role of faith in salvation, and the relationship between Jews and Gentiles in the Christian community.
• Doctrine of Justification by Faith: One of Paul's key theological impacts was the doctrine of justification by faith. He emphasised that salvation comes through faith in Jesus Christ rather than adherence to the Jewish law. As an agent of change, Paul’s concept became central to Protestant theology during the Reformation, inspiring a new form of religious expression which continues to be a key aspect of contemporary Protestant belief.
• Missionary Journeys: Paul of Tarsus embarked on several missionary journeys throughout the eastern Mediterranean, spreading the message of Christianity to both Jews and Gentiles. His efforts were instrumental in establishing communities in cities such as Corinth, Ephesus, and Thessalonica, changing the face of Christianity. His missionary work contributed significantly to the expansion of Christianity beyond its Jewish roots, inspiring new forms of religious expression.
• Role in the Council of Jerusalem: as an agent of change, Paul played a crucial role in the Council of Jerusalem (around 50 AD), where early Christian leaders gathered to address the question of whether Gentile converts needed to follow Jewish practices, such as circumcision. Paul argued for the inclusion of Gentiles without imposing Jewish customs (dietary laws and circumcision), helping to define the early Christian identity and inspiring new forms of religious expression.
• Emphasis on Love and Unity: Paul's letters also emphasised the importance of love, unity, and the operation of spiritual gifts within the Christian community. His teachings on love, as articulated in 1 Corinthians 13, enriched the faith and continue to affect Christian ethics.