Q28

Criteria	Marks
• Evaluates how an identified technology fulfils the normal function of the damaged organ.<br>• Includes benefits and limitations of the technology with respect to functionality.<br>• Makes an informed judgement about effectiveness.	4
• Outlines the circumstances in which an appropriate technology would be used.<br>• Outlines how it fulfils the normal function of the damaged organ.<br>• Identifies benefits and limitations.	3
• Outlines an appropriate technology.<br>• Identifies benefits and/or limitations.	2
• Provides some relevant information.	1

Sample answer:

People with polycystic kidney disease will typically progress to a point where kidney failure has occurred, at which point dialysis is required or the patient will have to be given a transplant. Dialysis technology works by taking over the normal function of the kidney, cleaning the patient’s blood. There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis is where the blood is removed from the patient and passed through the dialysis machine which uses osmosis to remove excess fluid, salts, and toxins from the blood. Which is usually performed by kidneys. As hemodialysis works by passive transport to remove ions it cannot remove all toxins and does not effectively perform other functions like reabsorption and secretion Unfortunately, dialysis cannot replace or manufacture these chemicals. These will need to be replaced in the body with medication. Diet of low salt, phosphorous and high protein foods are to be consumed to reduce the waste. Lifestyle limitations include expensive, time consuming, fresh use of dialysate etc. Whereas Kidney transplant comes with lifelong immunosuppressants with a risk of malignancy and hyper tension. Without such technology people with kidney failure resulting from polycystic kidney disease would not survive.